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Àdàkọ:Infobox thorium

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Thorium, 90Th
Thorium
Pípè /ˈθɔːriəm/ (THOR-ee-əm)
Ìhànsójúsilvery white
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Th)232.0377(4)[1]
Thorium ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Ce

Th

(Uqn)
actiniumthoriumprotactinium
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)90
Ẹgbẹ́group n/a
Àyèàyè 7
Àdìpọ̀Àdìpọ̀-f
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì  Actinide
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STPsolid
Ìgbà ìyọ́2115 K ​(1842 °C, ​3348 °F)
Ígbà ìhó5061 K ​(4788 °C, ​8650 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)11.7 g/cm3
Heat of fusion13.81 kJ/mol
Heat of 514 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.230 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2633 2907 3248 3683 4259 5055
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+1, +2, +3, +4 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.3
Atomic radiusempirical: 179 pm
Covalent radius206±6 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of thorium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​(fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for thorium
Speed of sound thin rod2490 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion11.0 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity54.0 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity147 n Ω·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[2]
Young's modulus79 GPa
Shear modulus31 GPa
Bulk modulus54 GPa
Poisson ratio0.27
Mohs hardness3.0
Vickers hardness350 MPa
Brinell hardness400 MPa
CAS Number7440-29-1
Main isotopes of thorium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
228Th trace 1.9116 years α 5.520 224Ra
229Th syn 7340 years α 5.168 225Ra
230Th trace 75380 years α 4.770 226Ra
231Th trace 25.5 hours β 0.39 231Pa
232Th 100% 1.405×1010 years α 4.083 228Ra
234Th trace 24.1 days β 0.27 234Pa
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References

  1. Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81th edition, CRC press.